Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China by the End of World War II

Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China by the End of World War II Introduction Development is highly treasured in the world since it indicates major changes that take place within a given time period. It is a key component to a country’s economic, social, and political status. In China, the term development came into use after a rough period when the European colonial powers had taken pre-eminence in most other states, thus controlling the economic, political, as well as social aspects. The end of the World War II was made possible by the initiation of the so-called development processes in the nations that had been involved in the rapid wars, i.e., the implementation of policies that would help to end wars as well as those which could prevent the occurrence of other similar wars. However, the development was possible because of the presence of certain historical and geographical forces that ideally shaped many nations at the end of the world wars. Historical processes are those that can define why certain empires/territories declined or inc lined, the economic, political and social processes that took place at a particular time to cause change, as well as the importance of some individuals who played important roles in the development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China by the End of World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Geographical dynamics represent the aspects of the human surroundings that mainly depend on time, which are influenced by human beings in their activities. In addition, they affect the same human beings who influence them in one way or the other. In china, there occurred numerous processes in history, which made it fall during the world wars; but a simple change in the same processes caused major developments in all aspects (Zhang, 197). The following paper is written with an objective of investigating into the processes in history and geography that led in the shaping of the country after the World War II. Additionally, it seeks to establish the contribution of these historical and geographical dynamics in situating the phase for development. For a concise understanding of the concept of theory and development, it is also important to study the process into which China was incorporated into the global economy during the period when the colonialists invaded and occupied other territories, as well as in the first half of the 20th century. More over, it is deemed crucial to establish the groups that exercised economic and political dominance during the colonial period as well as the influence they had on the economical and political aspects. Ultimately, it will give an insight of the kind of relationships that existed between distinct groups and classes that were present during the colonial period as well as the contributions of the relationships helped to reshape the economic, social and political aspects in china (Zhang, 142). Historical and geograph ical dynamics that shaped China by the end of World War II The historical and geographical aspects of a country are very crucial in every form of development. The world wars took immense paths that ruined every kind of political, social, and economic organization of China. The development process thus required the implementation of quite new processes and policies that would totally change the phase of the country. China, having been a development conscious country even before the war decades was set to renew every economic, social, and political structure in order to create room for change and ultimately develop into a powerful state. Development was therefore shaped by the interplay of a number of political, social, and economic forces that were in abundance at the time of colonialism as well as during the period when the world war two was ending (Riskin, 14).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More The social forces at play during the colonial period and at the end of the World War II had a massive influence on the country’s development. Long before the world war, China’s social system was marked by a kind of a slave society, with classes of people depending n the economic and political status. There were those referred to as the powerful elites, middle class and low class, who mostly were slaves to the ones in power. Relations were quite poor between the subordinate and powerful groups and the middle class. Those in power were in possession of the economic property, while there existed a class of people who were property less, thus leaning on the powerful for simple jobs to a point of some becoming slaves. The colonial period was also marked by a violation of culture among the people where the colonialists tried to instill their own culture to the indigenous people (Zhang, 166). The economic forces were mainly governed by rampant capitalism. Th e powerful and the subordinate people owned a lot of property while the middle class people owned very little to almost nothing. Additionally, property was owned privately and mainly controlled by the capitalists; hence, imperialism aspects had taken pre-eminence. The operation was based on a market economy that is free, where no government control was in operation but capitalists controlling it in all ways as well as those in power especially the colonialists. All including the financial institutions belonged to the capitalists, and no regulations put in place for the control of the economy. There was as well no set boundary as to what extent the colonialists/imperialists could control the land; but it was up to them since the indigenous government and its people had been oppressed to an extent of letting go every thing. Though the economy was controlled, the Chinese government as well as the citizens was not as silent since the world war occurred as a result of resistance in order to pave way for development (Riskin, 14). The political forces that governed the country had a fatal influence on the Chinese livelihood and government. The indigenous political set up and structure was no longer functional due to imperialists’ invasion at work towards the twentieth century. An elected parliament on centralized basis was governed mainly by capitalists, ignoring the autocracy idea. Worldwide suffrage had become a rare asset, though the democracy based on capitalism may be extended to the entire population. Various methods were used by capitalists to control government acts in all ways, thus violating the country’s democracy in all aspects (Howarth, 236).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Historical and Geographical Dynamics That Had Shaped China by the End of World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contributions of the dynamics in setting the stage engagement with Development The h erein discussed forces helped in setting the stage for development in China at the end of World War II. The social erosion that had existed created awareness to the indigenous people that togetherness and unity was crucial in development. It had been challenging in the fact that social classes existed, but this finally became strength since by the end of World War II, the Chinese people discovered the power in unity of a people, embraced socialism, and eroded a class system to become one. Oneness enabled them to set up policies that helped to intervene in the colonial rule and fostered development in all ways (Hershatter, 128). Additionally, the political dynamics where capitalists were in control of the government had already a set up system, which made it possible for the intervention policies to work best. The unity through socialism enabled the Chinese people to capture the government during the World War II and used the same to advocate for development before setting up another . It was easy to defeat the colonialists, initiate their own processes, and use them for development that could not be easily ruined by the colonialists. More over, on the realization that it was possible to develop together, all the social classes abolished and this created a sense of belonging to all in the land. The powerful who had originally owned massive property realized the importance of sharing, thus development worked towards eradicating the idea of private ownership, to pave way for communal ownership of property. Initially, peasants were paid poor wages but this made it possible for them to take part in the development process to ensure the end of oppression. It was also possible for development in the market economy where it was no longer free, but in control of the government. The social, economical and the political set up during the second world war was crucial in the identification of the thriving weaknesses at the time, and created room for rectification. Lack of t he forces would have hindered development in that it would not have been possible to identify the weaknesses, which acted as the basis for development (Hershatter, 133) Integration into the world economy during the colonial period, and up through the first half of the 20th century The colonial period was very crucial for the country, since it was possible for the country to be integrated in the world economy, though it had very negative effects (Glass, 2).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country’s natural resources became an instrument for development as they all looked forward to exploit them for the sake of their economic growth and integration into the world economy. The Chinese people are always committed to the best results, and at the same time, the land has numerous exploitable resources that are of help to the globe, the reason for European, and other powers invasion of the fertile country. They exploited the resources and used them to produce powerful commodities that would be supplied to many parts of the world. The French and others who scrambled for the country led to the divisions that occurred in the country, a factor that led to china being connected directly to the world, specifically the western powers. The colonialists had also introduced the land tenure system of ownership, which entailed the powerful and the subordinate owning the land, while peasants worked on the land and paid low wages. This connected the country into the world econ omy due to development of the slave trade (Abdillah, 17). At the end of the world war, rapid industrialization and urbanization took place in the country, when there emerged a group of elites who enlightened the others about development, and led to the integration of the country into the world economy. Additionally, the twentieth century saw the country succeed in overcoming all powers that intended to take control of the economy, paving way to focus mainly on industrialization and urbanization. Up to the fist half of the twentieth century, china had become more successful in development, with the creation of cities and numerous industries (Glass, 5). Groups that exercised political and economic dominance during the colonial period The colonial period was marked by dominance in all social, political, and economical grounds. China, being among the countries where economy had thrived well in the period when the European powers tried to scramble and partition Africa, was invaded by a n umber of competing powers. The French were in the forefront in the scramble for the country, owing to the fact that the country had powerful natural resources. More over, Japan also developed interest in the land and started to scramble for the same. Furthermore, the Russian empire struggled hard in order to acquire apart of the land, creating a lot of pressure on the indigenous people. The same period of colonization saw the country consist of a class system, where there were powerful and subordinated individuals, and surrounded by a majority of peasants and slaves (Abdillah, 12). The imperialists were mainly in control of the country’s resources, including all financial institutions. The economy was controlled by capitalists; therefore, the idea of capitalism was very rampant at the time. In the political arena, an elected parliament on centralized basis was governed mainly by capitalists, ignoring the autocracy idea. Worldwide suffrage had become a rare asset, though the d emocracy based on capitalism may be extended to the entire population (Hershatter, 325). Various methods were used by capitalists to control government acts in all ways, thus violating the country’s democracy in all aspects. Before development began, the relations among powerful and subordinate groups and classes changed. The decades had been marked by a class system, which embraced private property ownership, thus the powerful and the subordinate owned a lot of property, having peasants work on their fields at low wages. The pre-world war period was marked by a class of the ruling and another of those that were ruled. However, there emerged a period of realization that saw all kinds of people unite to foster for development due to the occurrence of colonialism, ultimately leading to the world wars. The transformations during the pre-colonial period in the social, economic and political grounds caused positive relations that paved way for development which was the key idea at the end of the world wars, and up to date (Howarth, 236) Conclusion Development is deemed a crucial element all over the world. Thus, China, having not been excluded form the world wars as well as the colonialism was at the forefront in advocating for the noble idea. Colonialism in the country was marked by great changes in the economic, social, and political grounds. A number of historical and geographical dynamics became a key to setting the stage for development that took place at the end of the world wars. The end of the world wars and the period in the first half of the twentieth century also created a realization on the Chinese people that unity is crucial, a factor that led to industrialization and urbanization during the phase of change. It also saw the people unite into a harmonious group, working together for a common goal. Nevertheless, the aim of the paper was achieved, having established the historical and geographical dynamics that shaped the country during the coloni al period, and at the end of the World War II. Abdillah, Noh. Small Steps, Big Outcome: a Historical Institutional Analysis of Malaysia’s Political Economy. June 2010. Web. Glass, Frank. China after World War II.† Fourth International, Vol.7, No. 7. Ted Crawford and David Walters publishers. 1946. Web. Hershatter, Gail. Remapping China: fissures in historical terrain. CA: Stanford University Press. 1996. Howarth, Peter. Chinas rising sea power: the PLA Navys submarine challenge. NY: Taylor Francis. 2006. Riskin, Carl. China and the Human Developmental State. Queens College, City University of New York. 2007. Web. Zhang, Yongjin. Chinas Emerging Global Businesses: Political Economy and Institutional Investigations. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 2003.

Environment factors affect evolutionary change Essay

Environment factors affect evolutionary change - Essay Example As there is more selection of a particular trait that is inherited by the species, there is more regression. In the case of no heritability, there is no regression as new variations are produced. In reality, what usually happens is something that is a middle path. This can be seen in the experiment that is seen in Evotutor. Here, when the parameter of selction is placed at five, that of regression is 3.25. however, when the parameter of selection is reduced to 3.0, that of regression reduces to 1.95. This enables a better understanding of the ways in which selection works. Variation is another aspect that is changed through the ages and leads to evolution. When there is greater variation in a society, there is greater change in the following generations of the species. When there is very less variation, the reverse happens. However, another important aspect of this is the way in which the variations are distributed. If a large part of the variations happens in the case of a particular trait, then evolution and selection would proceed in that direction, leading to the development of subspecies and then different species altogether. This can be seen in the histogram that Evotutor provides. When the level of variance in a society is placed at 125, the division between different colors reads different numbers where the variations within the population are divided into different permutations and combinations. This is seen in the constant change that the graphic shows while analyzing the data. However, when the level of variance is increased to 720, the var iations within the populations are much more diffuse. No single variation has a hegemony and this can be seen in the constantly changing leader in the

Elements of Products in Business and Services Context Assignment

Elements of Products in Business and Services Context - Assignment Example In some instances, the cuisines are similar but excellent cooking style by Nutter that brings out the uniqueness in each. In addition, Nutter is innovative and observes trendy and finest local produce for his classic French recipes. From local and external suppliers, Nutter’s restaurants use supplies to serve vegetarian meals, gourmet, business lunch, Sunday lunch, afternoon tea, desserts and lunchtime meals. Incorporation of different customers includes businesses, individuals, families, vegetarians, children, and persons of all ages generate a wide client base for the food products. For instance, many across all ages enjoy the food from Nutter’s Restaurant like chips and Fish in the United Kingdom, and offering the best value for customers consistently makes them return for more. Coupled to the restaurants excellent tasting menu is the brand of a renowned UK chef and the two aspects influence customer loyalty hence profitability. Like other hotels and restaurants in the United Kingdom, Nutter’s restaurant seeks to understand its customer and in the best way possible, satisfy their food needs better compared to its competitors. The restaurant then uses target marketing to identify the diverse needs of customers in the UK hotel industry and delivers unique cuisines for such needs. According to the Nutters Restaurant (2014, p. n.p), Nutter’s also offers customers with leading and innovative modern cuisine and both locally and internationally. The international market comes because of Nutter’s demonstrations of cooking expertise in New Zealand, United States of America, Australia, and New Zealand. The restaurant is also keen on psychographic segmentation that involves activities like business events, meetings, interests, and other values. Nutter’s understand that different people have different preferences when it comes to food. As a result, the company is quick to offer food products that embrace buyer perception, motivation, and beliefs and attitudes.  Ã‚  

Field Project Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Field Project Research Paper - Essay Example In my personal audit, the following relevant information were collected and gathered: (1) identifying and examining if my identity is safe; (2) the reasons why I need to protect myself from identity theft; and (3) how I could protect myself using very basis guidelines against potentially exposing myself for incidents of identity theft ( (Identity Theft Protection (IDPST), 2012). During the course of the personal security audit, as I was made aware that through answering and going through the questions, the following areas were the identified strengths: (1) logging off and locking my computer every night; (2) responsible use of access information by not sharing it to others; and (3) being extra careful on transmitting personal information through email. However, one noted that there was an eminent weakness in the use of passwords. In one instance, I discovered through friends that there were sent some messages through email apparently being sent from my email address. In this regard, there was potential risk in my password being compromised. As needed, I immediately changed my password and the incident did not happen again. Through browsing more information on doing a personal security audit, I learned that by believing that I would not become a victim of identity theft, I was actually exposing myself to the risks of being unprotected and exposed to security risks. In the LifeLock official website, an organization that aims to provide proactive identity theft protection to members who opt to register, it was disclosed that through do-it-yourself personal security audits using free credit bureau reports (AnnualCreditReport, 2012), I would only receive the minimum amount of information for personal security audit. Credit monitoring done by financial institutions generates credit alerts, address monitoring and information from the credit bureau reports. The LifeLock Identity Theft Protection boasts of covering proactive protection, advanced internet monitoring, cre dit alerts, non-credit alerts, address monitoring, lost wallet protection and credit bureau reports (LifeLock, 2012) for prices such as $25.00 / month or $275.00 / year for a LifeLock Ultimate package or a minimum of $10.00 / month or $110.00 / year for a LifeLock package (LifeLock, 2012). The safety tips provided by the IDPST site are likewise helpful in making me more aware of areas to focus on, such as the need to dispose of mail or correspondences that has my personal address and information; never carrying the SSS card; never using the SSS card as an identification number; being careful of credit card receipts; being careful of using debit cards when shopping online; and keeping personal information within my area of residence and not to be carried along. By doing so, the personal security audit enhanced my awareness on areas to be most careful of and to follow the simple guidelines that would assist in protecting myself from identity theft. In sum, the personal security audit made me realize that my personal practices in terms of identity protection (never carrying my SSS card in my wallet; locking up personal ids and information in a safe box at home); credit cards (using a virtually difficult signature to replicate and indicating that a photo ID is required; having photocopies of the credit cards safely at home; checking and monitoring all credit card transactions) and improving my password all ensure that I would be duly protected from identity the

Package design and the consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Package design and the consumer behavior - Essay Example Other markets who might in the past have been scathing about the marketing profession and its contribution are being forced to take notice of research that suggests that 'people really do make the difference in choice of noodles'(Marchington and Wilkinson, 2002). Before the discussion is going any further, it is crucial to get the same understanding about the Consumer Behaviour itself. According to a small number of sources, Consumer Behaviour studies the process of a buying decision of customer (in group or personage). Basically put, it tries to understand What, Who, When, Where, and Why they consume a product or service. Behavioural patterns have many important implications, both theoretical and practical, for virtually all kinds of Buyer practices including product analysis, purchase, selection, training, development, performance appraisal, compensation, and even company relations (Werner, 2000; cited by Tsaur and Lin, 2004). With the dynamic environment, undoubtedly, each firm attempts to study and understand the consumer behavior due to businesses stay in business by attracting and retaining customers (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan, 2002, p6). As the vital consumer decision-making unit, family are most regularly examined by many marketers because decision making by family differs in many ways from decisions made by an individuals. According to Hawkins, greatest, and Coney, the term of family decision making is the method by which decisions that straight or circuitously engage two or more family members are made (Hawkins, Best & Coney, 1998, p195). Generally, dissimilar motivations and diverse family l ife cycles will cause unusual decision making process. In the meantime, with the different decision making procedure, the dissimilar members of family would play a variety of roles and directly influence the consequence of decision. The Stimulus-Response Model of Buyer Behaviour Sales Presentation Buyer's Hidden Mental Process Sale/No Sale If we analyze then we may know that in the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior, Marketing Stimuli (make up of the marketing mix- product, price, place, and endorsement) and Other Stimuli (such as the financial, technical, political, and educational environments) enter the customers "Black Box" and create certain responses. No doubt, marketers must try to work out what goes on in the "black box" where it can assist them to get better and offer the products and services that customers want. From the Figure 2.1, it can be seen that it has two fractions in the "black box". The first part is "Consumer Behavior" which control how buyers see and respond to the stimuli. The next part is "Consumer Decision procedure" which is the progression to find out what the buyers use to make a decision what buying behaviour is undertaken. Buying Behaviour When You Going To Buy Instant Noodle If we analyze then we come to know that Pot Noodle is a low price and low value product. Effectual branding and packaging is reliable by means of a product mix to meet a diversification of consumer needs. The product has a standing of a contemptible low excellence product this feature is overstated with the semiotic use of soft pornography. Marketers have incessantly promoted their product throughout marketing that associates

MicroL16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MicroL16 - Essay Example Still, it seems likely to be a reasonable assumption to help understand market behavior. Industries in which there are many producers and in which it is difficult to differentiate between goods from individual producers, baking potatoes for example, it is likely that assuming the market is perfectly competitive can yield a reasonably accurate understanding of the way the market works. For markets, however, in which there are a limited number of producers and in which the costs to enter the market are high, or where the government restricts entry, it does not seem a reasonable assumption. Electric power, for instance, is often only available within a community from a single commercial producer. While there may be some alternatives available to consumers, such as buying their own generators or banks of solar cells, for all but the most committed, the price of these alternatives is so high as to make them non-viable. Clearly, for a market like this, assuming competitive behavior is not reasonable. 2. Profits. In a competitive market in long term equilibrium, no firm can make an â€Å"economic profit†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, have revenues in excess of costs, including â€Å"normal profit.† This is because economic profit will provide an incentive to other firms to enter the marketplace, shifting the industry supply curve and driving down the price until there is no longer an economic profit. In the short term, a firm may enjoy economic profits in the following three ways. The first way is when a firm might innovate in a way that drives down its costs of production. While other firms work to catch up, the innovative firm can enjoy economic profit. The second way is when a firm might innovate in a way that favorably differentiates its product from others, again allowing it to earn economic profit while other firms worked to match it. The third way is when an external event occurs, such as perhaps the introduction of a new complementary good, which might shift t he demand curve for the good in question, allowing the entire industry to experience short term economic profits until more firms were able to enter the market and increase supply. 3. Shutdown point for a firm. In the short run, a firm should keep operating as long as its average variable costs are less than the price of its product. This is because total revenue will cover the variable costs. Since, in the short run, fixed costs are not avoidable they should not be considered. In the long run, the firm cannot continue to operate at a loss. This means that a firm should shut down and leave the industry if, over the long run, average total costs will exceed price. 4. Long-Run Cost Curve, Economies of Scale and Firm Size. A firm is enjoying economies of scale when long-run (i.e., all inputs variable) average costs decrease as the number of units produced by the firm increases. As demand for the product increases, a firm in this position is likely to be able to meet the additional dema nd at a lower cost than a new firm entering the market, providing the existing firm with a competitive advantage. To the degree the firms in an industry experience economies of scale, there will likely be fewer firms (i.e., increased concentration) then there would in an industry where firms were experiencing decreased returns to scale Taken to the extreme, an existing firm with a continuously declining long-run cost curve would be in a

Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium Essay

Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium - Essay Example The process of splitting the nuclei is known as fission reaction which distinguishes nuclear power stations from ordinary power generators. Uranium is a non-renewable resource which means that once all the uranium present inside the earth’s crust is used then it cannot be reproduced. Nuclear fission is basically a chain reaction i.e. once the chemical composition of uranium nuclei starts to break then reaction continues until all the uranium material is used by the reactors (Nuclear Fission, 2013). This chain reaction is built and processed under high supervision because if the reaction goes out of control then it will turn in to a nuclear bomb. Hence the primary responsibility of power stations is to keep the process under control in order to avoid destructive consequences. The overall process of splitting the nuclei and converting them into small parts is also known as radioactive decay. Nuclear power stations play a vital role in production of heat and energy which are bene ficial to generate electricity on comparatively larger scale. However, the overall process of fission reactions has numerous environmental hazards in terms of waste products which are significantly harmful for future human generations. Moreover, protecting the nuclear plant incurs huge costs while still bring a threat of nuclear explosion (Nuclear Fission, 2013). Physical Principles of Power Generation The nuclear fission reaction starts with the mere activity of neutrons. When a neutron is fused with another heavy nucleus i.e. Uranium-235, then the uranium nucleus captures the neutron in order to form a compound nucleus (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). That is: When Uranium-235 is kept as a thermal reactor in the nuclear plant then collision with the new neutron increases the overall energy of the reactor. Hence the total energy is equally distributed among 236 neutrons and protons which make the nucleus comparatively unstable. Consequently the heavy nucleus is broken down into smaller nuclei while producing huge amount of energy. Around 85% of the released energy is categorized as kinetic energy which is then converted in to heat. Nuclear Fission Reaction also produces certain by-products including Barium (Ba), Strontium (Sr), Caesium (Cs), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) etc. Approximately 6% heat is produced due to the formation of these fission by-products (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). The following equation explains the formation of Barium during the Nuclear Fission Reaction. With the split of nucleus two or three other neutrons are produced which again fuse with the heavy nucleus of uranium while splitting the nuclei and producing immense energy. Hence in this way the chain reaction is carried in the nuclear reactor. As more and more neutrons are produced more energy is generated and therefore the reaction is restricted to take place under high observation and controlled equipment (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). Fo llowing is the Graphic Representation of the Nuclear Reaction Using Uranium Controlling Mechanism of Nuclear Fission Reaction As discussed above that the uncontrollable nuclear fission can turn into a nuclear bomb therefore it is highly significant to make extensive security measures so as to control the activity of neut