Package design and the consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Package design and the consumer behavior - Essay Example Other markets who might in the past have been scathing about the marketing profession and its contribution are being forced to take notice of research that suggests that 'people really do make the difference in choice of noodles'(Marchington and Wilkinson, 2002). Before the discussion is going any further, it is crucial to get the same understanding about the Consumer Behaviour itself. According to a small number of sources, Consumer Behaviour studies the process of a buying decision of customer (in group or personage). Basically put, it tries to understand What, Who, When, Where, and Why they consume a product or service. Behavioural patterns have many important implications, both theoretical and practical, for virtually all kinds of Buyer practices including product analysis, purchase, selection, training, development, performance appraisal, compensation, and even company relations (Werner, 2000; cited by Tsaur and Lin, 2004). With the dynamic environment, undoubtedly, each firm attempts to study and understand the consumer behavior due to businesses stay in business by attracting and retaining customers (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan, 2002, p6). As the vital consumer decision-making unit, family are most regularly examined by many marketers because decision making by family differs in many ways from decisions made by an individuals. According to Hawkins, greatest, and Coney, the term of family decision making is the method by which decisions that straight or circuitously engage two or more family members are made (Hawkins, Best & Coney, 1998, p195). Generally, dissimilar motivations and diverse family l ife cycles will cause unusual decision making process. In the meantime, with the different decision making procedure, the dissimilar members of family would play a variety of roles and directly influence the consequence of decision. The Stimulus-Response Model of Buyer Behaviour Sales Presentation Buyer's Hidden Mental Process Sale/No Sale If we analyze then we may know that in the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior, Marketing Stimuli (make up of the marketing mix- product, price, place, and endorsement) and Other Stimuli (such as the financial, technical, political, and educational environments) enter the customers "Black Box" and create certain responses. No doubt, marketers must try to work out what goes on in the "black box" where it can assist them to get better and offer the products and services that customers want. From the Figure 2.1, it can be seen that it has two fractions in the "black box". The first part is "Consumer Behavior" which control how buyers see and respond to the stimuli. The next part is "Consumer Decision procedure" which is the progression to find out what the buyers use to make a decision what buying behaviour is undertaken. Buying Behaviour When You Going To Buy Instant Noodle If we analyze then we come to know that Pot Noodle is a low price and low value product. Effectual branding and packaging is reliable by means of a product mix to meet a diversification of consumer needs. The product has a standing of a contemptible low excellence product this feature is overstated with the semiotic use of soft pornography. Marketers have incessantly promoted their product throughout marketing that associates

Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium Essay

Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium - Essay Example The process of splitting the nuclei is known as fission reaction which distinguishes nuclear power stations from ordinary power generators. Uranium is a non-renewable resource which means that once all the uranium present inside the earth’s crust is used then it cannot be reproduced. Nuclear fission is basically a chain reaction i.e. once the chemical composition of uranium nuclei starts to break then reaction continues until all the uranium material is used by the reactors (Nuclear Fission, 2013). This chain reaction is built and processed under high supervision because if the reaction goes out of control then it will turn in to a nuclear bomb. Hence the primary responsibility of power stations is to keep the process under control in order to avoid destructive consequences. The overall process of splitting the nuclei and converting them into small parts is also known as radioactive decay. Nuclear power stations play a vital role in production of heat and energy which are bene ficial to generate electricity on comparatively larger scale. However, the overall process of fission reactions has numerous environmental hazards in terms of waste products which are significantly harmful for future human generations. Moreover, protecting the nuclear plant incurs huge costs while still bring a threat of nuclear explosion (Nuclear Fission, 2013). Physical Principles of Power Generation The nuclear fission reaction starts with the mere activity of neutrons. When a neutron is fused with another heavy nucleus i.e. Uranium-235, then the uranium nucleus captures the neutron in order to form a compound nucleus (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). That is: When Uranium-235 is kept as a thermal reactor in the nuclear plant then collision with the new neutron increases the overall energy of the reactor. Hence the total energy is equally distributed among 236 neutrons and protons which make the nucleus comparatively unstable. Consequently the heavy nucleus is broken down into smaller nuclei while producing huge amount of energy. Around 85% of the released energy is categorized as kinetic energy which is then converted in to heat. Nuclear Fission Reaction also produces certain by-products including Barium (Ba), Strontium (Sr), Caesium (Cs), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) etc. Approximately 6% heat is produced due to the formation of these fission by-products (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). The following equation explains the formation of Barium during the Nuclear Fission Reaction. With the split of nucleus two or three other neutrons are produced which again fuse with the heavy nucleus of uranium while splitting the nuclei and producing immense energy. Hence in this way the chain reaction is carried in the nuclear reactor. As more and more neutrons are produced more energy is generated and therefore the reaction is restricted to take place under high observation and controlled equipment (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). Fo llowing is the Graphic Representation of the Nuclear Reaction Using Uranium Controlling Mechanism of Nuclear Fission Reaction As discussed above that the uncontrollable nuclear fission can turn into a nuclear bomb therefore it is highly significant to make extensive security measures so as to control the activity of neut

The Price of Peace Essay Example for Free

The Price of Peace Essay I saw some children playing in our neighborhood the other day and the simplicity of how they lived their life amazed me. Here were two kids belonging to relatively the same age group; one had a Popsicle stick and the other had a pack of cookies. Now, I am sure both of them were quite curious as to what the other child had since they would look curiously at each other. Finally, after about a minute or so, the child with the pack of cookies approached the other child. At that point I wish I had the ability to speak the language of children because I have no idea what was said but when the child with the pack of cookies reached for the Popsicle, the other child simply gave him the liberty to taste it. What is even more astonishing is the fact that when the other child offered a cookie without any hesitations! Looking back at this, I would say it was a sublime experience for me. At that point, the world suddenly made sense to me. I thought to myself, â€Å"This is how life should be! † It’s simply living in utter understanding of your fellow man. I have no idea how the course of history shaped humanity into the beasts we are today. We put ourselves on a pedestal and think that our society has reached the pinnacle of success when in fact; we continue to spiral towards decadence. We have left a trail of war, violence, prejudice, and discrimination in our history and yet all we can say is that we have evolved into a more civil society! It is a false consciousness that has become the fabric of our world. Moreover, we have resorted to power and domination as tools to bring about what we refer to as â€Å"peace. † This is quite saddening but nonetheless, it is the reality we are faced with. As we grow and develop into the so called responsible individuals’ society demands, we continually lose the purity and simplicity we possessed as children. As we mature we become more jaded and as a result the lines of what is right or wrong blur before us. We lose touch of the most basic of values; that is to say, loving one another. A basic command left to us by Christ and the key to a utopian society. I came to realize that the world has been reduced to the tangible things; materials and objects have become what define a man. Consequently, it has also made us ego-centric. Our world has become about what I want and what I need†¦we have become apathetic to the plight of others and have been raised to be callous. We no longer have a sense of social equity or justice. As I reflect more on this, I become increasingly convinced that this is the root of all the chaos we have. No wonder we seek to engage in war and look to send our own people to foreign lands just to get slaughtered in the name of â€Å"democracy† and peace! You see peace may be an abstract thought to us simply because we have forgotten about how tangible it can be. It isn’t always about what makes us feel good or what benefits us. It’s about looking at a grander scheme wherein other people, regardless of color, race or creed become a part of who we are. This is a consciousness we must internalize and reintroduce into the fabric of society. Plato, Aristotle and Socrates spoke of this in varying degrees. It is about the common good. Not I but we. Looking back at the two children, it wasn’t about bartering or what one could get from the other. It was simply about understanding the needs of the other person. Applying this rudimentary ideology would be the key to a better society. What would I pay to achieve peace? Not millions in monetary value, not just because I don’t have this†¦well no one could actually put a price on peace. In the end, the price is simple; I would give-up my civil liberties in order for others live more comfortably. Quite a sacrifice, but it is a higher level of understanding we all have to achieve and one I would gladly pay in order to attain peace. After all, if everyone lived in this manner then establishing a world of peace would be child’s play so to speak!

Expansion Of The Nurses Roles In Singapore

Expansion Of The Nurses Roles In Singapore There is no such thing as Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in Singapore 10 years ago. However, Singapore started to expand the nurses role recently due to ever-changing of medical developments and technology, as well as the increase healthcare cost and waiting time within the healthcare industry due to ageing population. It posed a challenge to the healthcare models in Singapore to compete with other countries. A multidisciplinary team approach and the recognition of nursing expertise through clinical career paths are also important. (Chiarella McInnes, 2008). It is wise that Ministry has expanded the role of nurses with Masters Degrees. It can uphold nursing profession with advanced skills. The implementation of APNs can be an advantage to Singapores healthcare services. Critically analyze the development of role of APN in Singapore An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is an umbrella term given to a Registered Nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for extended practice (Ministry of Health, 2007). The American Nurses Association defines an advanced practice nurse as a registered nurse with advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills for providing health care (Yarbro, Wujcik Gobel, 2011, p.1846). Rajasoorya (2002) observed that the role of APN in Singapore is formed with reference of APNs practices from United State while United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand took the similar approaches. The ability to make decision by having advanced knowledge with leadership skills, proactive in self-upgrade and actively participating with patients care management are essential qualities for an APN to have. Kjervik and Brous (2010) stated that APNs have increased in autonomy and authority over decision over patients care management compared to regular nurses roles. It crossed the boundaries of the traditional nurses roles. APNs are able to order a list of medications and investigations such X-rays if it is necessary for patients treatment. They are able to provide health assessment to patient where regular nurses doesnt have the full knowledge to perform. Kjervik and Brous (2010) agreed that APNs shifted and expanded their roles towards collaboration with medical personnel and specialist as well as providing primary and preventive care to patients, families and the communities. APNs are not like regular nurses who provide direct clinical care of the patients, but also discuss with the doctors and suggest alternative treatments that may benefit patients in terms of health and cost. In addition, APNs also collaborate with families on the abilities on managing patients illness so as to minimize the chance of readmission to the hospital. APNs also actively participle in research and health teaching to the communities to improve Singaporeans well-being so as to reduce the chance of developing chronic disease. The history of APNs Let us look at the history of APNs and examine how it can make an impact Singapores healthcare system. Arthur (2007) noted that Singapore nurses were limited by the highest qualification of being a Diploma holder without local career path to obtain higher qualification until recently, National University of Singapore (NUS) commenced the first Master in Nursing in Advanced Practice Nurse in 2003. Sheer and Wong (2008) noted that Singapores first batch of graduated APNs started in 2004 and Singapore established a registry for APNs in 2006. Schober (2010) agrees that the student who is selected by the employer or hospital can be fully funded by Singapore Ministry of Health during the course of studying period in National University of Singapore as well as to fulfill a period of bond after graduation after undergoing a period of 1 year of internship in order to registered with Singapore Nursing Board (SNB) as APN. Grounded in practicum experiences and guided by health care theory, policy, and research, graduates possess the knowledge and competencies to assume the advanced leadership roles required in future health care systems (Aduddell Dorman, 2010). The need of having APNs: It is important to understand why Singapore needs to have APNs. We will look into the reasons why the need of APN is important. I will covered in 4 terms. Completive, Aging population, providing better care and integrated healthcare, Completive Chia et al. (2007) labeled Singapore; including Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea; as Four Tigers of Asia countries with a strong competitive advantage by having highly educated and skilled workforce. To be able to compete with countries like Hong Kong in field of healthcare industries, Singapore have to upgrade healthcare workers. According to International Business Publications (2009), one of the economic development boards plans of Singapore is to develop into world-class medical hub for medical research, education and advanced care in specialized fields and healthcare services. With the pace at which health care is changing, we as nursing health care providers need to provide quality evidenced based health care, which is affordable to our patients (Bettin, 2010). Patients over the world would choose a higher standard of care if needed or affordable to. With the help of technology and the skills that APNs have, it will bring in a positive effect on Singapores healthcare industries, be it reputation or economically. Hence it is important to increase the skills and education of the nurses to attract the riches and the needy who in need of healthcare services, and most ultimately to save more lives by treating or preventing diseases. The introduction and increasing of APNs in Singapore represents a significant milestone in terms of nursing career path and expertise. It also contributes Singapore to form a world-class medical hub. Ageing population MCYS (2006) reported that the baby boomers reaches 65 years old in 2012. According to Kannusamy (2006), the need of providing better healthcare service and the nurses to upgrade their skills in the clinical arena is necessary to manage Singapores ageing population and chronic illness such as diabetes and heart disease and therefore, the role of Advanced Practice Nurse is formed. As people ages, people tends to fall sick or develop chronic illness, hence more people are dependent on healthcare services. >>>> Advanced skills to provide better care According to Schober (2010), Singapore provided the title APN is to retain highly skilled and potential nurses as well as to equip them with advanced skills and knowledge which can fill the gaps in the provision of healthcare services. With the skills and knowledge that APNs learnt in university, they are able to render specialized care to a patient where staff nurses are incompetent to perform these skills. Example : Wound nurse APN APNs plays an important roles as it acts as a bridge between nurses and doctors, as well as other healthcare professionals and services. Advanced practice nurses are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care. (Jansen Stauffacher, 2010, p.3) By putting APNs into more discipline to practice, it relates to the vision of Singapores healthcare delivery. In Singapore, interest is growing in the advanced practice role for both acute and primary care settings, in an effort to improve patient outcomes with the least cost (Kannusamy, 2006). Intergated care of community and hospital (health services) APN roles is to collaborate The vision for transforming healthcare delivery in Singapore is to develop integrated Regional Health Services (RHS) to pro ­vide healthcare from prevention to palliation (Saxena, 2009). It means its aim is to try to collaborate from short term to long term care individual. It shown the urge Singapore needs to procedure more APN to increase the professional level of nurses in Singapore. This will not only increase the standard of nursing in Singapore but also recognized internationally. Sheer and Wong (2008) know that there are plans for Singapore to increase the number of APNs to two hundreds and also to include them into different fields like acute care, community care, mental health care and medical-surgical care. According to Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Ministry of Healths vision is to develop 200 APNs by 2014. A discussion of the influence on nursing in Singapore Postive influence Great professional satifcation. There is evidence that collaboration among advanced practice nurses and physician colleagues improves the quality and cost of health outcomes and can lead to professional satisfaction (Maylone, Ranieri, Griffin, McNulty, Fitzpatrick, 2011). Relationships with other health care professionals are crucial because many advanced practice nursing roles involve a significant element of collaboration (Kannusamy, 2006). Expansion of roles in singapore Postive influence the needs of APNs. According to Ministry of Health (2007) in Singapore, the scope of practice as an APN includes diagnose, treat and management of illness; health education to the public; initiate and implement changes in health care services according to demands; provides education to nursing staffs and healthcare professionals and conduct nursing research. This role is registered and protected by the Singapore Nurse Board The Nurses and Midwives Act. By giving APN authority to practice The contemporary nurses role in relation to the issue Negative shortage of staff Lim, Bogossian and Ahern (2010) agreed that Singapore have much shortage of nurses in the workforce compared to Western countries and hence will contribute to increase workload. According to Health Manpower Statistics (2009), it indicated that there is an increase of about 12% of Registered Nurses between 2007 to 2009 in Singapore. Singapore plays an active role by having Ngee Ann Polytechnic (2007) introduced Nursing Course in 2005, in addition to Nanyang Polytechnic, where students graduate as a registered nurse 3 years later upon completed of the course. This may explains on the increment of Registered Nurses in Singapore. Changes in the health-care system, shortage of staff and increasing workload may also be affecting stress levels of nurses trying to adapt to increasingly higher levels of responsibility (Lim, Bogossian Ahern, 2010). This will affect how well an APN will perform after graduation. Singapore may need to think twice about the number of APNs to be increase. By increasing APN will only make shortage of Registered Nurses workforce even worst. If the solution is to upgrade enrolled nurses to registered nurses, who will take on the enrolled nurse roles? Singapore needs to increase the number of intake of nurses from schools. Negative Scope confusion Rajasoorya (2002) stated that in U.S., most often APNs may found themselves closely take up the role of the doctors as increase of APNs caused an expand of their practice nature. Doctor may fear and concerned about loss of power over nurses. APNs should be viewed not simply as doctor substitutes but as part of a new approach to address the changing nature of illness care (Kane, 2009). APNs are not necessarily the same as doctors of nursing practice (Kane, 2009). APNs are being trained for a number of different tasks. Some are specialists; some are generalists (Kane, 2009). Getting lack of support and collaboration from the doctors or surgeons for managing a group of patients, APNs may found themselves difficulties to fulfill their roles. Singapore need to consider by having clear and define roles between APNs, doctors, nurse clinician specialists to prevent overlapping and confusion of individual roles. Practice guided by the concepts of a conceptual model of nursing is more appropriate for advanced practice nursing than practice guided by a medical model (Ruel Motyka, 2009). Conceptual models are the foundation of advanced practice nursing and enhance nursing practice at all levels (Ruel Motyka, 2009). The use of conceptual models promotes professionalism which includes autonomous nursing practice, knowledge, and service (Ruel Motyka, 2009). The current and/or potential impact of the issue on the health care system. Conclusion focus cost effective, professional increase, integrated healthcare service, aging population. Lim, Bogossian and Ahern (2010) emphasized Singapore healthcare system focus on affordability for Singaporean on healthcare service by restructuring hospitals and the challenges Singapore needs to overcome like rising in healthcare cost and increasing public healthcare services expectation. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care (Jansen Stauffacher, 2010). Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are taking their place in the forefront of the rapidly changing health care system, developing a myriad of roles in organizations that aim to provide cost-effective, quality care Jansen Stauffacher (2010) said that in a rapidly chaning health care system, APNs take in roles to provide cost-effective, quality care to patient in a myriad roles in organization. By having APN in polyclinic for consultation for disease such as diabetes, it not only lowers down healthcare cost and also decreases waiting time for doctor consultation. Lacking of nurse workforce in Singapore to accommodate the aging populations healthcare needs, Singapore needs to continuously train more nurses not only to maintain the standard of nursing practice but to increase the standard and advanced their skills so as to cope with healthcare demands. Expansion of APNs workforce and practice to improve integrated patient care with heightened levels of safety and quality, and responsive to patients requirements both in hospital and in community. The implementation of APN roles is having a transformative effect on the healthcare systems of Singapore (Schober, 2010). witnessing a pride in the anticipated increased status for nursing associated with academic education and advanced nursing roles while at the same time watching some of the unanticipated struggles that occur with such a significant change (Schober, 2010). APN interns, as they mature in their role, are working in close partnership with physicians and are assuming responsibility for tasks that had been performed traditionally by doctors (Kannusamy, 2006). Conclusion end line. The APN scope of practice will continue to evolve to match the changing needs of the healthcare system (Wong, 2009). With the changes to and complexity within the health care system, advanced practice nurses need academic preparation in advanced care management of populations and leadership competencies (Aduddell Dorman, 2010). POINT TO CONSIDER Politics of nursing practice (Community at large, CLUTURE OF INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, government regulation.) Power of nursing as APN (more control and directions.) Knowledge Singapore government SNB, MOH, ministry of environment, MOM, SHS Different perspectives on health care and health Image of nurses Nurse view as cleaning, maid, slave. As APN show different initiative. Legal issue re: APN, practicing outside nursing scope. Different perspectives on health care and health Advanced Practice Nurses. (n.d.). Tan Tock Seng Hospital. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from http://www.ttsh.com.sg/APN/ Aduddell, K. A., Dorman, G. E. (2010). The development of the next generation of nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Education, 49(3), 168-171. Arthur, D. (2007). Towards an excellent health care system: Singapore nursing poised with 2020 vision. Journal of Research in Nursing, 12(6), 591-594. Bettin, T. (2010). Advanced Practice Nurse Forum column. Reflections on the DNP degree. Stat: Bulletin of the Wisconsin Nurses Association, 79(1), 7-8. Chia, H. B., Carolyn, E., David, R., Ping, F., Kuo, M. H., Lee, C. H., et al. (2007). Four tigers and the dragon: values differences, similarities, and consensus. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 305-320. Chiarella, M., McInnes, E. (2008). Legality, morality and reality the role of the nurse in maintaining standards of care. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(1), 77-83. Health Manpower Statistics. (2009). Ministry of Health, Singapore. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/statistics.aspx?id=5966 International Business Publications. (2009). Singapore Investment and Business Guide (6th ed.). USA: International Business Publications. Jansen, M. P., Stauffacher, M. (2010). Advanced practice nursing: core concepts for professional role development (4th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. Kane, R. L. (2009). The advanced practice nurse: an answer to the primary care challenge. Clinical Scholars Review, 2(2), 37-38. Kannusamy, P. (2006). A longitudinal study of advanced practice nursing in Singapore. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 18, 545-551. Kjervik, D. K., Brous, E. A. (2010). Law and ethics for advanced practice nursing . New York: Springer. Lim, J., Bogossian, F., Ahern, K. (2010). Stress and coping in Singaporean nurses: A literature review. Nursing Health Sciences, 12(2), 251-258. Maylone, M. M., Ranieri, L., Griffin, M. T. Q., McNulty, R., Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2011). Collaboration and autonomy: Perceptions among nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 23(1), 51-57. Ministry of Health. (2007). NUS Master of Nursing Programme. Health Professionals Portal. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.hpp.moh.gov.sg/HPP/MungoBlobs/318/187/FAQ%20on%20APNs.htm MCYS (2006). Committee on Ageing Issues: Report of the Ageing Population. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from http://www.mcys.gov.sg/successful_ageing/report/cai_report.pdf Ngee Ann Polytechnic To Offer Health Sciences (Nursing) Course. (2007, December 13). Ngee Ann Polytechnic. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from http://www.np.edu.sg/home/media/release/year2005/jan_mar/Pages/20050119.aspx OBrien, A. P., Arthur, D. G. (2007). Singapore nursing in transition: perspectives from the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(10). Rajasoorya, C. (2002). The Quest for Nursing Excellence. Singapore Medical Journal, 43(10). Ruel, J., Motyka, C. (2009). Advanced practice nursing: a principle-based concept analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 21(7), 384-392. Saxena, A. (2009). Transforming Singapores healthcare delivery system: health care integration in Singapore (Vol. 9): Igitur. Schober, M. (2010). EDITORIAL: Singapore: At the hub of advanced practice nursing development in Asia. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22(9), 449-449. Sheer, B., Wong, F. K. Y. (2008). The Development of Advanced Nursing Practice Globally. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(3), 204-211. Wong, H. H. (2009). Australian College of Mental Health Nursing 35th International Conference Mind to Care. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18, A1-A27. Yarbro, C. H., Wujcik, D., Gobel, B. H. (2011). Cancer nursing: principles and practice (7th ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Conflicting Ideals Essay

Conflicting Ideals in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚      Throughout the world, societies can become cruel and unjustified machines. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the morality of a society is clearly revealed through the choices and consequences its characters experience. The two societies within the novel, West Egg and East Egg, create an atmosphere of mixed ideals and morals, so completely opposite of each other. Three examples will be given to support the above thesis. Firstly, Jay Gatsby, arguably the main character, is involved in a number of criminal activities. Secondly, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, are a true symbol of how the morals of their society are revealed through their actions. Finally Nick Carraway, the narrator, is truly and innocent in a society gone mad. These three points will be elaborated below. Firstly, Jay Gatsby, formerly known as Jay Gatz, is a figure of the the corruption of the American Dream. He is an illegal bootlegger, an acquaintance of gamblers and con artists. His activities are constantly denounced by Tom Buchanan throughout the novel. His criminal activies reveal the morality of yesteryears society. His lavish and extravagant parties are another symbol of the morality of his society. Early in the evening, people are happy, dancing the night away, and are generally having a good time. But, the facade of the party quickly departs, and the true nature of these events are revealed. People get drunk, douse themselves in the pool to sober up, spouses fight and bicker over nonsequential items. And when all of this is over, the floor is covered with orange rings, spilled cocktails, along with other party nostalgia. All of this is a setup, so that Gatsby can get Daisy's at... ...saddened by the coldness of the people who do not care unwillingly to the funeral. Out of all the people who attend the parties, four join the funeral. So, the choices and consequences of Nick's experience clearly define the morality of the two societies. To sum things up, the morals of a society are revealed by the actions of its inhabitants. Firstly, Jay Gatsby, is involved in a number of criminal activities, and is the father-figure of the corruption of the American Dream. Secondly, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, are a true symbol of how the morals of the East Egg society are revealed by their actions. Finally, Nick Carraway, is truly an innocent in a myriad of scheming, cheating con artists. Therefore, their unjustified beliefs truly define the morality of a society which is clearly revealed through the choices and consequences of its characters from within.   

Brave New World :: essays research papers

The Loss of Individuality The peak of a writer’s career should exhibit their most profound works of literature. In the case of Aldous Huxley, Brave New World is by far his most renowned novel. Aldous Huxley is a European-born writer who, in the midst of his career, moved to the United States and settled in California. While in California, he began to have visions aided by his usage of hallucinatory drugs. His visions were of a utopian society surviving here on earth. In his literature, Huxley wanted to make this utopian society as much a reality as possible. "In framing an ideal we may assume what we wish, but should avoid impossibilities." This quote, written by Aristotle, perfectly describes Huxley’s attitude towards the creation of his imaginary utopia. His only problem was establishing a value system that would not seem too unattainable. Huxley has two novels that have the theme of utopia, Brave New World and Island. Brave New World , which was written bef ore Island , has ideas that are quite far-fetched, but in Huxley’s eyes, still close to reality. Huxley’s first portrait of utopia involves having a controlled society of people all being alike. The year is A.F. 632 (After Ford; Ford is the equivalent to God in Brave New World ) and with the available technology, citizens are mass produced. Island is a product of the rethinking of Huxley’s utopia. The ideas are a lot more real because the people are just ordinary human beings. Both of these novels have an underlying theme in common. The stability of Huxley’s utopian societies are centered around the loss of individualism. Individuals are considered a threat in Huxley’s utopian novels. In the novel Island, the utopian society is on a small island, named Pala. The leader of the utopian society, Murugan, is an individual apart from the community. His plans are to modernize and charge the way the people of Pala live. The reason he has thoughts that are different from the rest of the community is that he was raised outside of Pala. He grew up in Switzerland and the neighboring island Rendag, both of which have been modernized and corrupted by the outside world. Therefore, Murugan’s mind has been corrupted by his staying in those two places. "Pala is thus threatened by the outside world," explains critic Frank Magill, because Murugan is introducing the modern way of life to this small island and it is damaging the stability of the community.

Marketing Principles: The Onida Candy Case Study

This is composed of   two types of factors: those that the company cannot control – the external factors and those the company has control – the internal factors (Finch,2001, p.4)  Ã‚   The problem with Onida was they weren’t able to understand the impact of the uncontrollable factors and they don’t have an effective management of the of the controllable factors. Macroenvironmental Factors Onida’s Candy was a hit in Mumbai, Calcutta, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka for on its first year.   But Onida was not able to study further the consumer market and the buying behaviour.   If only they have studied what is the evaluation and perception of the people regarding candy they may have not problem at all. Onida’s should have considered the economic conditions of the people.   Candy’s price was a little bit higher compared to its competitors.   If only they have lowered the price of the product, they might get the attention market. The overcrowded CTV market has Japanese brands like Sony, National Panasonic and Toshiba; Korean brands like Samsung and LG; the big two Indian brands BPL and Videocon were just some of the competitors of Onida in the CTV market.  Ã‚   Like Onida all of the competitors are capable of superior technology.   They have compete with their prices especially on the most price sensitive segment of the televisions-the 14-inch CTV.   BPL KWR , LG d70 and Samsung 3302 and 3379   fell in the price range of Rs 7,000 to Rs 10, 000. Onida’s Candy was Rs 2000 higher than BPL’s 14-inch set and Rs 3000 more that Aiwa’s   14-inch television.   The company source felt it was just the right price for Onida Candy.   They forgot to consider the economic situation of the people and its buying power. Another thing they weren’t able to understand was the impact of the social and cultural factors.   The CTV consumer markets were very conservative and having loud coloured cases for televisions just gave them more problems.   The lower and middle class preferred television with sober colours as a reflection of their lives. Microenvironmental Factors The suppliers for Onida is not a problem because they were producing their own CTV sets.   The problems arise in the marketing intermediaries and the target market. Onida must have given seminars to dealer’s and salesperson on how to market their product properly because this people were used in selling television cased in black, grey and other dull colours it is hard for them to accept Candy’s bright hues.   On the seminar they could have explained why those colours were chosen and convince them that this hues will be a hit to the people. The target market of Onida was another problem; we know that they really want this television for the youth and teens.   But this people don’t have money.   Maybe they want to own this hip and cool television set.  Ã‚   But they don’t have a cash of Rs 9,900 to buy this kind of product.   They might convince their parents to buy small stuffs for them but a big money (especially for middle and lower class) like this to spend on a tv for their kids.   I don’t think those parents would allow.   Of course those head of the family(which most of the case has the buying power) would want a television set that will match the whole family’s   need and match their lifestyles.   Candy, therefore is not the right product for them. The Competitive Environment Most businesses operates on the market and needs to be aware of their prices compared with the main competitors (Brumfitt, et.al., 2001, p. 11).   Although Onida knows the ongoing sale price of the most prices sensitive CTV set in the market.   They still justified the price of their product, not lowering it, because they felt the price was right.   They forgot that most of the time consumer where influenced on the pricing of the product.   Those were the first things most people consider when buying things.   Quality, specifications, features and functions of the products were just secondary. Analyse Onida’s approach to segmentation and targeting the Candy range and evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing mix strategies to position the Candy appropriately. The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow the marketing/sales program to focus on the subset of prospects that are â€Å"most likely† to purchase the offering. In the case of Onida Candy, they focused sharply on young people.   It was targeting people between the ages 12 to 25.   They did this because based on the research this age group is looking for personalized product.   As a result they configured Candy will meet this need.   They forgot to consider the buying power of this age group.   This age group is still dependent on their family and will not be able to buy this kind of product cost so much. Maybe they will have an influence on their parents but in most household buying a television is a major decision, it’s a family thing (especially for middle and lower class families) which will likely acquire one tv set that will be used by the whole family.   Though the features of the Candy like configured channels based on the house members’ choice of channels is good.   The colour and packaging of the product is not appealing to the family as a whole. The company could have at least included in the research the priority items that this age group that they were targeting wanted to own.   They should have study first, is owning a television set at least in the first top five priorities of the items that this age group wanted to own. Another thing that Onida did which cause the failure of Candy was the wrong timing of Candy.   It was Onida’s research on the need of the market to replace their black and white tv with coloured once and purchases were made by 24-35 year old.   Still, they mismarketed the Candy tv.   This second set buyers were looking for coloured once, but ofcourse they were still considering the prices of the CTV that will replace their black and white. Onida also forgot to pursue the idea to the market that their television set is the best choice as add-on tv set for the family (since they fixed the idea that Candy is for young people).   Ofcourse prospective buyer of the television set will not relate to that TV and would think it is not for them anymore. The analysts were right when they commented that the initial success of Candy was purely a mere reflection of the market trend.   Depending the company on market trend is very dangerous to the company and to their investment (just like what happened to Onida). Because trends fluctuate, they go up and then go down and you will never know if it will go up again. The Product Life Cycle Introduction Stage In the introduction stage, the Onida seeks to build product awareness and develop a market for the product. The impact on the marketing mix is as follows: Product: they named the product Candy, It came in four colours, Berry Blue, Mint Green, Lemon Yellow, and Cherry Red. Pricing: they prices it at Rs 9990 Distribution: It was distributed nationwide but more effort was made in Mumbai. Promotion: They invited 80 dealers to discuss how to make Onida brand appealing to the youth.   They also use the Cricket Cup to rejuvenate the brand. Growth Stage In the growth stage, the firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share. In this stage Onida’s product quality is maintained and additional features and support services may be added. In April, 2000 they launched the dual coloured television cabinets.   They called this Candy Duets.   It was available in four colours – Black Currant, Raisin Cream, Berry Delite and Double Mint in a 14 inch version.   They also had a Candy duet in a 20 inches   version in three colours – Cherry Ice, Cool Mint, and Berry Delite Pricing of Candy   Duet in 14 inches maintained the price at Rs 9990 and Candy Duet 20 inches was priced at Rs 12,990. Distribution channels are added as demand increases and customers accept the product. The had a nationwide distribution of the Candy brand. Promotion of the product is still concentrated on its target market : the young people. Maturity Stage At maturity, the strong growth in sales diminishes. Competition may appear with similar products. The primary objective at this point is to defend market share while maximizing profit. Product features may be enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. This was done by Onida through launching the dual TV cabinets On this stage, in order to be competitive to the market Onida supposedly lowered its price to compete to other TV suppliers.   But they were firm to remain their price at Rs 9,990 for their 14 inches and Rs 12, 990 for their 20 inches TV. Distribution becomes more intensive and incentives and supposed to be in this stage the Onida offered the customers and the distributors incentives as a motivation to Promotion on this stage was weak.   They never give a strong emphasis on the strong qualities of the Candy and its advantages to other CTV that is on its same product line. Decline Stage As sales decline, the firm has several options: They maintain the product rejuvenate it by adding new features to the 20 inches candy duet. Discontinue the product, liquidating remaining inventory and selling the remaining items at a low price Using the data given in Exhibits I and II; the other information given in the case and your analysis for question 2, make recommendations as to how Onida develop their targeting, positioning and marketing mix The Onida Candy CTV must be discontinued because it will just brought more losses to the company.   The Onida should launch a new brand of television that has the functions of Candy but with a new name.   More sober colours that will match the life styles of the Indian people.   Those colours that will attract those people who have a buying power.   It is also recommended to the company to change their target market to those people who have the purchasing power.   There should be a research or survey on what they want and what they need in buying a television set. Marketing Mix Onida must attempt to regain the loyalty and faith of the customers to their product.   They should renew their brand and their target market and must blend these four marketing mix variables in an optimal manner. a. Product The product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. A sober colours for the casing of the new CTV set will be better and a good warranty offering for the new product.   It should retain the functions of the Candy CTV like the configuration of channels; it is also good to incorporate other features like messaging or reminder on the CTV, built in games and multi-channelling. b. Price The price of the product should be competitive and must be in line with the other available product on the market.   Possible discounts and promos for the product must be done to motivate the prospective clients to buy the product c. Place In the early stage of the product, a nationwide distribution must be planned out perfectly.  Ã‚   There should be a follow-up plan or study in the possible international market or exposure of the product. d. Promotion The company should invest in the advertising of the product to assure the company’s success on this new product.   Proper placing of the ads on tv, prints and internet can make a good return of investment. Market Segmentation and Target Market Strategies We can segment the Indian consumer market by the following: Place they Lived: Urban, rural or suburban – people in different location or place they lived have different preferences when buying a CTV, therefore we must learn what they want and what they need in order to satisfy them. Income : low income earners, middle income earners and high income earners –   the income and economic status of the people should be considered in pricing the CTV.   Because if its to high then the prospective buyer will not buy because of practicality reasons. Social Class: Upper class, Upper Middle, Lower Middle, Lower Class – people that belong on this classes have different preferences therefore we should study what they want.   How strong is their buying power, so that we can adjust our marketing strategies. Usage rate: Nonuser, light user and heavy user – this segmentation basis can help us also in our marketing strategy. Target Market: Once we have studied the market segmentation and learned who are the heavy users of CTV on different social classes, age, gender, urban-rural, or gender.   Then we can decide to who we will concentrate our marketing strategy. Bibliography Brumitt, K., et.al   2001.   The Competitive Business Environment.   Nelson and Thomas Ltd. UK., Chapter 2 pp. 11. Finch, J.E. 2001. The Essentials of Marketing Principles.   Research and Education Association, USA,   Chapter 1 p.4.